Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Angin Artikel

Angin adalah salah satu bentuk energi yang tersedia di alam, Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Angin mengkonversikan energi angin menjadi energi listrik dengan menggunakan turbin angin atau kincir angin. Cara kerjanya cukup sederhana, energi angin yang memutar turbin angin, diteruskan untuk memutar rotor pada generator dibagian belakang turbin angin, sehingga akan menghasilkan energi listrik. Energi Listrik ini biasanya akan disimpan kedalam baterai sebelum dapat dimanfaatkan. Secara sederhana sketsa kincir angin adalah sebagai berikut :

sumber : http://www.kincirangin.info/plta-gbr.php
Indonesia, negara kepulauan yang 2/3 wilayahnya adalah lautan dan mempunyai garis pantai terpanjang di dunia yaitu ± 80.791,42 Km merupakan wilayah potensial untuk pengembangan pembanglit listrik tenaga angin, namun sayang potensi ini nampaknya belum dilirik oleh pemerintah. Sungguh ironis, disaat Indonesia menjadi tuan rumah konfrensi dunia mengenai pemanasan global di Nusa Dua, Bali pada akhir tahun 2007, pemerintah justru akan membangun pembangkit listrik berbahan bakar batubara yang merupakan penyebab nomor 1 pemanasan global.
Syarat – syarat dan kondisi angin yang dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut.

Angin kelas 3 adalah batas minimum dan angin kelas 8 adalah batas maksimum energi angin yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik.
Pemanfaatan energi angin merupakan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan yang paling berkembang saat ini. Berdasarkan data dari WWEA (World Wind Energy Association), sampai dengan tahun 2007 perkiraan energi listrik yang dihasilkan oleh turbin angin mencapai 93.85 GigaWatts, menghasilkan lebih dari 1% dari total kelistrikan secara global. Amerika, Spanyol dan China merupakan negara terdepan dalam pemanfaatan energi angin. Diharapkan pada tahun 2010 total kapasitas pembangkit listrik tenaga angin secara glogal mencapai 170 GigaWatt.

Di tengah potensi angin melimpah di kawasan pesisir Indonesia, total kapasitas terpasang dalam sistem konversi energi angin saat ini kurang dari 800 kilowatt. Di seluruh Indonesia, lima unit kincir angin pembangkit berkapasitas masing-masing 80 kilowatt (kW) sudah dibangun. Tahun 2007, tujuh unit dengan kapasitas sama menyusul dibangun di empat lokasi, masing-masing di Pulau Selayar tiga unit, Sulawesi Utara dua unit, dan Nusa Penida, Bali, serta Bangka Belitung, masing-masing satu unit. Mengacu pada kebijakan energi nasional, maka pembangkit listrik tenaga bayu (PLTB) ditargetkan mencapai 250 megawatt (MW) pada tahun 2025.

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Bergey XL.1 1000W Wind Turbine Online Shopping in Australia

Product Description
The Bergey XL.1 combines a number of advanced technical features, including a completely new airfoil, to provide the highest efficiency yet achieved in a small wind turbine. It comes from the worlds leading manufacturer of small wind turbines and is backed by an industry-leading full 5-year warranty. The XL.1 wind turbine is designed for high reliability, low maintenance and automatic operation in adverse weather conditions.

With a rotor diameter of 2.5 metres and a peak output of approximately 1,300 watts the XL.1 is intended for the remote (off-grid) home market and for rural electrification programs in developing countries. It is also a perfect upgrade system for current owners of smaller turbines, such as the AIR range.

The XL.1 is an up-wind, horizontal-axis, three- bladed turbine. The blades are pultruded fiberglass, a material that is over ten times stronger than the injection-molded plastic used on most small wind turbines. Pultrusions have a breaking strength exceeding 100,000 psi, which is twice as strong as normal steel.

The blades attach directly to a specially designed very-low-speed permanent magnet alternator which uses state-of-the-art neodymium super-magnets. The oversized alternator is designed to slow the rotor down which makes the turbine very quiet. Overspeed protection is provided by the proven BWC AutoFurl passive sideways furling system.

The XL.1 includes the BWC PowerCenter controller which controls battery charging, provides a common interconnection point for all the DC components, and even includes a 30 A controller for the solar modules that are often a part of a complete hybrid system. The PowerCenter allows an auxiliary or "dump" load to be connected to utilize excess wind (and/or solar) power after the batteries are fully charged.

Low wind speed performance is greatly enhanced by a low-end-boost circuit that optimally loads the wind turbine down to wind speeds as low as 5.6 mph (2.5 m/s). Combined with the new blade system, this circuitry allows the XL.1 to produce useful power more than 6,000 hours a year at a typical site. For reference, a typical solar system produces power 3,500 hours a year at a typical site.

Specifications
Rotor Diameter: 2.5 metres
Start up wind speed: 6.7 mph (3.0 m/s)
Rated wind speed: 24.6 mph (11.0 m/s)
Voltage: 24 volts
Rated Output: 1000 watts
Maximum Output: 1300 watts
KWh per Month: 17 5 to 295 KWh/Mo at 12 mph (5.4 m/s)
(Dependent on tower height)

Solar Online Australia
Unit 3, 301 Hillsborough Road
Warners Bay NSW 2282
Postal Address
PO Box 627
Cardiff NSW 2285
Telephone:
02 4954 3310 (Australia)
02 4954 4965 (Australia)
+61 2 4954 3310 (International)
+61 2 4954 4965 (International)
Facsimile:
02 4954 3360 (Australia)
+61 2 4954 3360 (International)

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Whisper 1000 Watt Wind Turbine Online Shopping in Australia

Quick Overview

1000W Output @ 12, 24, 36 or 48VDC. 5 Year Warranty.
Reliable wind turbine for low to moderate wind areas (3.1m/s and above).
Product Description

Rotor Diameter: 2.7m
Weight: 30kg (39.46 boxed)
Shipping Dimensions: 1295 x 508 x 330mm
Mount: 2.5" Schedule 40
Start-up wind speed: 3.1m/s
Voltage: 12, 24, 36, 48 VDC (HV Available)
Rated Power: 1000W at 11.6m/s
Body: Cast Aluminium - Marine Option Available
Blades (three): Polypro/Carbon Glass Reinforced
Overspeed Protection: Side Furling
Kilowatt hours per month: 158kWh @ 5.4m/s
Warranty: 5 Year Limited Warranty
Survival Wind speed: 55 m/s
Solar Online Australia
Unit 3, 301 Hillsborough Road
Warners Bay NSW 2282
Postal Address
PO Box 627
Cardiff NSW 2285
Telephone:
02 4954 3310 (Australia)
02 4954 4965 (Australia)
+61 2 4954 3310 (International)
+61 2 4954 4965 (International)
Facsimile:
02 4954 3360 (Australia)
+61 2 4954 3360 (International)

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Wind Turbine Stop Switch Online Shopping in Australia

Wind Turbine Stop Switch
A stop switch should be used with your AIR wind turbine to provide a safe, convenient method of shutting down the turbine.
The switch disconnects the battery and then shorts the turbine output which electrically brakes the turbine ca using it to slow to a stop.
In high winds the blades will spin slowly.
Shorting the AIR wind turbine will not cause any damage.

Solar Online Australia
Unit 3, 301 Hillsborough Road
Warners Bay NSW 2282
Postal Address
PO Box 627
Cardiff NSW 2285
Telephone:
02 4954 3310 (Australia)
02 4954 4965 (Australia)
+61 2 4954 3310 (International)
+61 2 4954 4965 (International)
Facsimile:
02 4954 3360 (Australia)
+61 2 4954 3360 (International)

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Wind Power 900 Watt Wishper Australia

Product Description
Rotor Diameter: 2.1m
Weight: 21kg (22.56kg boxed)
Shipping Dimensions: 1295 x 508 x 330mm
Mount: 2.5" Schedule 40
Start-up wind speed: 3.4m/s
Voltage: 12, 24, 36, 48 VDC
Rated Power: 900W at 12.5m/s
Body: Cast Aluminium - Marine Option Available
Blades (three): Polypro/Carbon Glass Reinforced
Overspeed Protection: Side Furling
Kilowatt hours per month: 100kWh @ 5.4m/s
Warranty: 5 Year Limited Warranty
Survival Wind speed: 55 m/s

Years of reliable operation by thousands of customers have made the Whisper 100 the number one selling small wind turbine in its class. With thousands in the field, the Whisper 100 has become the standard for remote homes, telecom sites and rural developing projects for moderate to extreme environments. Assuming a 12 mph (5.4 m/s) average wind, a Whisper 100 will produce 100 kWh per month for your batteries.

The Whisper Charge Controller is included with every Whisper 100 and 200. The SCR-based shunt-type controller is housed in a single unit and it is dedicated wind only.

Features
Individually rectified phases.
Battery/turbine shunt isolation during regulation.
Bright LED lights indicate regulation operation and Power ON.
Quiet diversion-powered fan.
Large heat sink for efficient temperature dissipation.
Easy access block connectors for turbine and battery wires. Compatible with any programmable inverter.
If you require further information about our products or services, drop us an email, or phone during business hours to speak directly to an Engineer or Technician.
Solar Online Australia
Unit 3, 301 Hillsborough Road
Warners Bay NSW 2282
Telephone:
02 4954 3310 (Australia)
02 4954 4965 (Australia)
+61 2 4954 3310 (International)

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Air Breeze Marine Turbine 200 Watts Australia

The all-new AIR Breeze replaces the AIR X. Quieter, more efficient, and precision engineered to deliver more energy at lower wind speeds than any other wind generator in its class. AIR Breeze is the next generation of Air turbines with more than 100,000 units sold in 120 countries, the world's most popular small wind turbine.
3 year warranty
Durable composite blades
Microprocessor-based smart internal regulator with peak power tracking
Aircraft-quality aluminum alloy castings
Brushless neodymium alternator
Maintenance-free only two moving parts

Specifications
Rotor Diameter: 1.15 metres
Weight: 5.85 kg
Mount: 48mm OD Pipe kg
Start up wind speed: 5 knots (2.68 m/s)
Voltage: 12, 24 & 48 Volt
Output: 200 watts at 24 knots (12.5 m/s)
KWh per Month:
38 KWh/Mo at 19.2 kph (5.4 m/s)
If you require further information about our products or services, drop us an email, or phone during business hours to speak directly to an Engineer or Technician.
Solar Online Australia
Unit 3, 301 Hillsborough Road
Warners Bay NSW 2282
Telephone:
02 4954 3310 (Australia)
02 4954 4965 (Australia)
+61 2 4954 3310 (International)

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AIR Breeze Wind Turbine 200W in Australia

Product Description

EFFICIENCY = ENERGY
The most powerful wind generator in its class.
The all-new AIR Breeze replaces the AIR X. Quieter, more efficient, and precision engineered to deliver more energy at lower wind speeds than any other wind generator in its class. AIR Breeze is the next generation of Air turbines with more than 100,000 units sold in 120 countries, the world's most popular small wind turbine.

3 year warranty
Durable composite blades
Microprocessor-based smart internal regulator with peak power tracking
Aircraft-quality aluminum alloy castings
Brushless neodymium alternator
Maintenance-free only two moving parts

Specifications
Rotor Diameter: 1.15 metres
Weight: 5.85 kg
Start up wind speed: 9.6 kph (3.68 m/s)
Voltage: 12, 24 & 48 Volt
Output: 200 watts at 45 kph (12.5 m/s)
KWh per Month: 38 KWh/Mo at 19.2 kph (5.4 m/s)



Applications
Remote homes and cabins
Water pumping
Recreational vehicles and campervans
Battery charging

If you require further information about our products or services, drop us an email, or phone during business hours to speak directly to an Engineer or Technician.
Solar Online Australia
Unit 3, 301 Hillsborough Road
Warners Bay NSW 2282
Telephone:
02 4954 3310 (Australia)
02 4954 4965 (Australia)
+61 2 4954 3310 (International)

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Common types of alternative energy

Solar energy

Solar energy is generating of electricity from the sun. It is split up into two types, thermal and electric energy. These two subgroups mean that they heat up homes (and water) and generate electricity respectively.

Wind energy

Wind energy is generating of electricity from the wind.

Geothermal energy

Geothermal energy is using hot water or steam from the Earth’s interior for heating buildings or electricity generation.

Biofuel and ethanol

Biofuel and ethanol are plant-derived substitutes of gasoline for powering vehicles.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is used as clean fuel for airplanes, spaceships, and vehicles.

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How Wind Turbines Work By Abie Newenergy

Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns are modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, and vegetation. Humans use this wind flow, or motion energy, for many purposes: sailing, flying a kite, and even generating electricity.

The terms wind energy or wind power describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity.

So how do wind turbines make electricity? Simply stated, a wind turbine works the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes electricity. Take a look inside a wind turbine to see the various parts. View the wind turbine animation to see how a wind turbine works.

This aerial view of a wind power plant shows how a group of wind turbines can make electricity for the utility grid. The electricity is sent through transmission and distribution lines to homes, businesses, schools, and so on.

Anemometer:

Measures the wind speed and transmits wind speed data to the controller.

Blades:

Most turbines have either two or three blades. Wind blowing over the blades causes the blades to "lift" and rotate.

Brake:

A disc brake, which can be applied mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically to stop the rotor in emergencies.

Controller:

The controller starts up the machine at wind speeds of about 8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and shuts off the machine at about 55 mph. Turbines do not operate at wind speeds above about 55 mph because they might be damaged by the high winds.

Gear box:

Gears connect the low-speed shaft to the high-speed shaft and increase the rotational speeds from about 30 to 60 rotations per minute (rpm) to about 1000 to 1800 rpm, the rotational speed required by most generators to produce electricity. The gear box is a costly (and heavy) part of the wind turbine and engineers are exploring "direct-drive" generators that operate at lower rotational speeds and don't need gear boxes.

Generator:

Usually an off-the-shelf induction generator that produces 60-cycle AC electricity.

High-speed shaft:

Drives the generator.

Low-speed shaft:

The rotor turns the low-speed shaft at about 30 to 60 rotations per minute.

Nacelle:

The nacelle sits atop the tower and contains the gear box, low- and high-speed shafts, generator, controller, and brake. Some nacelles are large enough for a helicopter to land on.

Pitch:

Blades are turned, or pitched, out of the wind to control the rotor speed and keep the rotor from turning in winds that are too high or too low to produce electricity.

Rotor:

The blades and the hub together are called the rotor.

Tower:

Towers are made from tubular steel (shown here), concrete, or steel lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more electricity.

Wind direction:

This is an "upwind" turbine, so-called because it operates facing into the wind. Other turbines are designed to run "downwind," facing away from the wind.

Wind vane:

Measures wind direction and communicates with the yaw drive to orient the turbine properly with respect to the wind.

Yaw drive:

Upwind turbines face into the wind; the yaw drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the wind as the wind direction changes. Downwind turbines don't require a yaw drive, the wind blows the rotor downwind.

Yaw motor:

Powers the yaw drive.

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