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Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth's geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet (20%) and from radioactive decay of minerals (80%).The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface. The adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots γη (ge), meaning earth, and θερμος (thermos), meaning hot.
At the core of the Earth, thermal energy is created by radioactive decay and temperatures may reach over 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5000 degrees Celsius). Heat conducts from the core to surrounding cooler rock. The high temperature and pressure cause some rock to melt, creating magma convection upward since it is lighter than the solid rock. The magma heats rock and water in the crust, sometimes up to 700 degrees Fahrenheit (370 degrees Celsius)
Benefits of Geothermal Energy
Renewable—Through proper reservoir management, the rate of energy extraction can be balanced with a reservoir's natural heat recharge rate.
Baseload—Geothermal power plants produce electricity consistently, running 24 hours per day / 7 days per week, regardless of weather conditions.
Domestic—U.S. geothermal resources can be harnessed for power production without importing fuel.
Small Footprint—Geothermal power plants are compact; using less land per GWh (404 mi2) than coal (3642 mi2) wind (1335 mi2) or solar PV with center station (3237 mi2).*
Clean—Modern closed-loop geothermal power plants emit no greenhouse gasses; life cycle GHG emissions (50 g CO2 eq/kWhe) are four times less than solar PV, and six to 20 times lower than natural gas. Geothermal power plants consume less water on average over the lifetime energy output than the most conventional generation technologies.**
Solar energy
Solar energy is generating of electricity from the sun. It is split up into two types, thermal and electric energy. These two subgroups mean that they heat up homes (and water) and generate electricity respectively.
Wind energy
Wind energy is generating of electricity from the wind.
Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is using hot water or steam from the Earth’s interior for heating buildings or electricity generation.
Biofuel and ethanol
Biofuel and ethanol are plant-derived substitutes of gasoline for powering vehicles.
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is used as clean fuel for airplanes, spaceships, and vehicles.
Circuit Breakers and Fuses
Circuit breakers are common in newer homes. Older homes typically have fuse boxes. Circuit breakers and fuses have the same job, but function a little differently. Circuit breakers protect the electrical system by cutting off electricity as soon as the load gets to be too much. Fuses will blow if the maximum electrical load is exceeded.
The main advantage to circuit breakers is that they can be reset and circuit breaker replacement is almost never necessary. A fuse has to be replaced each time it blows because of the way fuses are designed. In a fuse, electrical current runs across a soft metal wire. The fuse wire is designed so that any load over the maximum will cause it to overheat and melt. When the wire melts, electricity can no longer run across it and the circuit is broken. Fuses will not fail you as long as they are sized correctly for the circuit.
Today fuses are becoming obsolete and being replaced with circuit breakers, but if you move into a house with a fuse box don’t be alarmed; you are still in good hands with the circuit protection of the fuse.
Tools for Circuit Breaker Replacement and Installation
Adding circuit breakers and installing or replacing electrical circuit breakers can be done correctly by using the proper tools. Insulated tools are must when working with electrical equipment and wires. Here are some tools that you will need when replacing circuit breakers or installing new circuit breakers in your circuit breaker panel.
A new circuit breaker is a must. Make sure that you have the proper brand and size in order fit properly and work right.
• Plywood or a rubber mat should be used to stand on when working with electrical equipment.
• Safety goggles are important for eye protection.
• An insulated flashlight can be used for extra light.
• Other insulated tools like a screwdriver, a hammer and insulated wire strippers to strip off the insulation around the cable connectors.
• Cable connectors are needed to connect your circuit breaker to the main panel.
• A voltage tester will help you determine whether or not the new circuit breaker is functioning properly and help you to make sure there are no live wires before starting the project.
With the right tools and electrical knowledge a homeowner can successfully install a new circuit breaker or replace a broken breaker in the breaker box. If you need to purchase additional circuit breakers or other electrical parts then you can visit http://www.relectric.com for a wide selection of products.
Replacing a Circuit Breaker: Essential Lighting
Safety is a must when working with any type of electrical devices and outlets. Circuit breaker boxes and panels house a lot of electricity so safety precautions should be taken any time you are working in or around the circuit breaker box. Before you try to replace a circuit breaker, you will need to have the right tools for the job. The essentials include adequate lighting as a part of your electrical equipment. An insulated flashlight will work, but holding a flashlight in one hand and try to remove a circuit breaker with the other hand can be difficult especially for amateurs. The best lighting option is freestanding lighting that includes a power supply; with the power off, you won't be able to use any outlets. These lights can be purchased at many hardware stores or electrical supply stores.
When you are working with electricity it is extremely important to see all of the wires and objects associated with the area that you are working in. One touch of a live wire is all it takes for a fatal accident. Make sure you have the right gear to do the job correctly.
How to Replace a Circuit Breaker
Typically circuit breakers will not need to be replaced. Unlike a fuse, a circuit breaker is designed to reset. On occasion a circuit breaker may break or malfunction resulting in the need replace it with a new breaker. Most residential homes have a main circuit breaker and separate branch circuit breakers that connect to different area in the home. If your circuit breaker requires replacement you will need to follow the steps below on how to replace a circuit breaker.
In order to replace a common household circuit breaker that is housed in a regular 2-pole main breaker with branch circuit compartments, you would first turn off all of the branch circuit breakers and then the main circuit breaker. Never assume the breakers are off; you need to check for voltage on adjacent breakers to make sure the breaker panel is dead.
Next, take off the panel cover. This will give you access to branch circuit breakers but not the main breaker compartment. Do not attempt to remove the cover to the main breaker; this should only be accessed by a certified electrician. You can replace the circuit breaker by just removing the panel cover.
Once you have removed the cover then you can disconnect the wire from the faulty breaker and pull it out of the way. Now, carefully pry the defective circuit breaker out of its position. Take note of how the breaker fits in the panel and locks into position so that you can put the new circuit breaker in correctly. Upside down and sideways positions typically do not work. Next, insert the new circuit breaker.
While you have the circuit panel open, check the other branch circuits to make sure they are properly in place and tighten any loose parts. Put the panel cover back on and make sure all the branch circuit switches are in the “off” position. Proceed to turn on the main circuit breaker and then flip on each individual branch breaker separately. Test the circuits to make sure they are working properly and stay set.
If the replacement circuit is working right then you are finished. If you still have a circuit problem then you may want to check the electrical devices associated with the circuit or consult a professional for further assistance.
Replacement new and obsolete breakers can be purchased online at http://www.relectric.com.
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